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National Geographic video: finger lengths & hormones  HAND SIGNS & DIAGNOSTICS:
• The hand in DOWN SYNDROME! _- Down syndrome case study 1 _- Down syndrome case study 2 • The hand in FRAGILE-X SYNDROME! _- Fragile-X syndrome case study 1 _- Fragile-X syndrome case study 2 _(In people with autism 2% to 6% have Fragile-X syndrome!) • The hand in DIABETES MELLITUS! • The hand in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS! • The hand in PSORIASIS! • The hand in SCHIZOPHRENIA! • The hand in EXTRAVERSION & INTROVERSION HAND TESTS:
• MARFAN SYNDROME hand test! MORE HAND DIAGNOSTICS:
• The hand lines (palmar creases) • The simian line • The Sydney line • Fingerprints (+ dermatoglyphics) • The Hypothenar whorl • What can finger length reveal? • The 5th finger (pinky) • The fingernail tutor
HOW TO ASSESS MASCULINITY / FEMININITY VIA VARIOUS FINGER LENGTH- & HAND SHAPE RATIOS! see text featured above the bottom chart! During the 1st decade of the 21th century 2D:4D Digit ratio became known as a popular measure for masculinity (associated with low digit ratios) and feminity (associated with high digit ratios). Discover your MASCULINITY/FEMININITY hand factor by combining your digit ratio with your hand shape ratios! 2D:4D digit ratio is considered as a measure for prenatal hormone balance (testosterone versus estrogen - see picture below), which largely explains why digit ratios typically vary between men (lower scores) and women (higher scores). 
Multiple studies have revealed that lower 2D:4D ratio correlates with more masculine sex-role type, while higher 2D:4D ratio correlates more feminine sex-role type. 
However, the 2D:4D digit ratio not only varies between the two sexes; for, it also varies with many other features such as: race/ethnicity, class, skin color & body height.
As a consequence, in an individual 2D:4D digit ratio does not represent a reliable measure for MASCULINITY/FEMININITY (see picture on the right, which includes a female who has a low digit ratio).
Therefore a new approach is presented here to assess the MASCULINITY/FEMININITY factor for any hand in 3 steps by combining the 2D:4D digit ratio with three (other) hand shape ratios. for MASCULINITY/FEMININITY! The picture below displays the variation of 2D:4D digit ratio between the sexes: the average digit ratio around the world is close to 0.96. Men tend to have lower digit ratios than women, but the overlap in the distribution of digit ratios among the sexes is very large. As a consequence 2D:4D digit ratio can not be used as reliable indicator for MASCULINITY/FEMININITY in an individual. 
Smaller 2D:4D digit ratios (0.95 or smaller) are an indication of greater exposure to prenatal testosterone and might therefore be considered a measure of masculinity. Similarly, larger digit ratios (0.98 or higher) result from greater exposure to oestrogen and therefore might be thought of as an indicative measure of femininity. However, the overlap between the two sexes is considerably large. for MASCULINITY/FEMININITY! In the section finger Length & sexual dimorphism one can read more about how finger length and palm shape dimenisions tend to vary between males and females. Females not only to tend to have higher 2D:4D digit ratio, they also tend to have higer finger length to palm length ratios (fl/pl), higher finger length to palm breadth ratios (fl/pb), and higher palm length to palm width ratios (pl/pb). Especially the so-called 'hand index' (= ratio between palm breadth and hand length) became known as a usefull indicator to discriminate male hands from female hands. Quite a few studies (US, Nigeria) have indicated that males typically have 'hand index' scores above 0.44, while females tend to have scores below 0.44. However, in some other populations this rule does not work at all. 
A study in 7 international populations (including populations from: China, Japan, India, Malaysia, Turkey, UK and US) has indicated that combining the 4 hand shape ratios (2D:4D digit ratio, fl/pl, fl/pb and pl/pb)
turns out to be an interesting measure to recognize men and women who's hands score low/high on the MASCULINITY/FEMININITY factor.
The picture at the bottom of this page describes how to find your MASCULINITY/FEMININITY hand factor... in only 3 steps! 
Find the MASCULINITY/FEMININITY factor in your hand in 3 steps!: DECEMBER 2016: A brand new study is available demonstrating that this chart works for 10 famous (masculine) males! 
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