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10 YEARS HAND ANALYSIS RESEARCH |
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The following presents an overview of the studies which I have conducted over the years - studies focussed on mapping the potential of handanalysis. Synonyms: Hand Analysis - Palmistry - Palm Reading - Hand Reading - Cheirology
My studies in a chronological overview:
1993-2003: Literature research
1996-1997: Population research
1997: Dissertation study
1998: Dissertation study follow-up
1999-2003: Research focussed on the Big Five dimension Neuroticism
2000-2003: Research focussed on behaviour problems related to autism
2000: The extreme scorers researchprogram I
2001: The extreme scorers researchprogram II
2001: The handanalysts experiment
2002-2003: Research focussed on the structure of the hand related to left-handedness
2003: Research focussed on sexe related hand differences in the perspective of the evolution
2003: The handanalysis students experiment
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Next to these studies I had many experiences in various situations with the practice of handanalysis. In 1997 and 1998 I have my most intens practical experiences. In connection with a handanalysis research program focussed on the Big Five personality dimensions, I have offered over 200 people a free handanalysis consult in exchange for a photo + an inkprint of their hands + an assessment via the NEO PI-R personality questionnaire.
Every single study is being described in terms of a category which describes the nature of the study. The various catergories are: the hand, the skills of the handanalyst, the psychology of handanalysis students, and literature about hands. In case a research report is available for a study, the title of the report is mentioned as well.
Category: literature about hands
In the begining I have started studying the handanalysis literature which has been published worldwide. A large part of the literature published before 1996 is discussed in the work presented by Edward D. Campbell ‘The Encyclopedia of Palmistry’. I have also studied relevant scientific publications which deal with the diagnostic potential of the nails, dermatoglyphics and other aspects of the hand.
More info about related literature is presented in the section: Handanalysis infotainment.
Category: the hand
Research report title: Population Research: 1000 Persons [written in Dutch language]
A research focussed on the structure of the hand. This research is focused on the dermatoglyphics, the development of the fingers and palmar zones, and some aspects of the primary creases. The attention is also focussed on population differences between Dutchies and Americans (no significant differences at all), and male-female differences (various significant differences: men tend to have a long ring finger + a long little finger; women tend to have a long index finger; these sexe related differences are also noticed in the length of the accessory palmar zone; the proximal palmar zones are more developed in men compared to women)
More info about hand differences between both sexes is presented in the section: Male-female differences.
Category: the hand
Title onderzoeksrapport: Psychodiagnostic Assessment via the hand: A study into the correlations between the Big Five dimensions and the signs of the hand via diagnostic handanalysis. [written in Dutch language]
123 subjects were included in a comparing research program focussed on the results of the NEO PI-R personality questionnaire and an analysis of 75 hand features. Correlation analyses show many significant correlations between the Big Five dimensions and the hand features - a significant part of these correlations can not be explained by statistical coincidences. The highest correlation between an individual hand feature and a Big Five dimension is 0.37 (sign. on p<0.001). One can derive from this result that on the basis of a single hand feature one can not derive reliable insights about the Big Five personality features of an arbitrary subject.
6 Observers - including one very experienced handanalyst - were invited to analyse various hand features by means of the research protocol. The highest consensus with the observations of the researcher was found in the observations made by the very experienced handanalyst. However, the statistical results indicate that the interobserver reliability is not very high.
Category: the hand
Title research report: Personality Assessment via the hand: A study into the correlations between hand features & the results of 3 personality questionannaires. [written in Dutch language]
100 subjects were included in a comparing research program focussed on the analysis of 105 hand features and the results of three personality questionnaires: the NEO PI-R personality questionnaire (focused on: the Big Five dimensions), the P.O.I. inventory (focused on: 12 dimensions related to the concept 'self-actualization'), and the 3D questionnaire (focused on: 6 dimensions related to the concepts 'will', 'counterwill', and 'emotion').
Correlation analyses on men and women show that about half of the significant correlations between the Big Five dimensions and the hand features can not be explained by statistical coincidences. After 2415 analyses 9 correlations were identified which have been found in the male and female sample - 6 of these can be explained by statistical coincidences. No results have been identified wit a p-value below 0.01 in both the male and female sample. One can derive from this result that on the basis of a single hand feature one can not derive reliable insights related to the personality concepts which are being measured by the three questionnaires.
On the basis of handanalysis theories various research hypotheses were constructed and tested; 45% of the hypotheses were confirmed by significant results, however 9% of the hypotheses were contradicted by significant results.
Because 59 out of 105 hand features were measured via a computerscan, one can test the hypothesis that the measurement of handfeatures leads to a higher interobserver reliability compared to handfeature observations. The results confirm this hypothesis: the correlation among the measurements of the observers was 0.90; the correlation among the observations of the observers was 0.80.
Category: the hand
Titles research reports: [all written in Dutch language]
On the basis of the disertation study and the follow-up study is chosen for a research strategy which is focussed on the personality dimension which shows the most promising research results: the Big Five dimension Neuroticism.
In case these features are accompagnied with specific other hand features - which are described in the research reports - the studied hand features appear to exhibit an indication for the Big Five dimension Neuroticism.
More info about this matter is presented in the section: neuroticism.
Category: the hand
The section autism is focussed on the present state of affairs in this research program.
Category: the skills of the handanalyst
Title research report: Personality assessment by handanalysts: the identification of high and low scorers on the personality dimensions Neuroticism en Extraversion.
In this research program the inkprints of 5 extraverts (extreme high scorers on the Big Five dimension Extraversion) and 5 introverts (extreme low scorers on the Big Five dimension Extraversion) were presented to 14 handanalysts. Each handanalyst was asked to judge each pair of hands in terms of the extraversion-introversion dimension. The same procedure was executed with the hand inkprints of 5 high scorers on the Big Five dimension Neuroticism and 5 low scorers. The handanalysts were also asked to express their level of confidence regarding each single judgement.
The average success-score of the handanalysts is 58% (chance statistics indicate that a success-score of 50% was expected); the best performing handanalyst has a 70% success-score. 77% Of the handanalysts judgements are included with a 'high' level of confidence, however the average success-score of these judgements is 58% (which equals the overall success-score) - the best performing handanalyst scores 73% on these judgements. This indicates that the handanalysts were hardly able to produce meaningfull feedback about the reliability of their judgements.
The consensus among the handanalysts was measured as well. The average consensus score in this research program was 65%. One can derive from these percentages that handanalysts were confident about a high percentage of their judgements, however this does not implicate that handanalysts agree about most of their judgements. Regarding the judgements which were rated with a 'high' level of confidence, on only 2 out of 20 cases the consensus among the handanalysts is 100%.
Categorie: the skills of the handanalyst
Title research report: Personality assessment by handanalysts II: the identification of high and low scorers on the Big Five subdimension Fear.
In this research program the inkprints of 5 extreme high scorers on the Big Five subdimension FEAR and 10 extreme low scorers were presented to 14 handanalysts.
The handanalysts were also asked to express their level of confidence regarding each single judgement.
The average success-score of the handanalysts is 62% (chance statistics indicate that a success-score of 50% was expected); the best performing handanalyst has a 80% success-score. 56% Of the handanalysts judgements are included with a high level of confidence, however the average success-score of these judgements is 71% (which equals the overall success-score) - the best performing handanalyst scores 87% on these judgements. This indicates that the handanalysts were hardly able to produce meaningfull feedback about the reliability of their judgements, however in 5 out 15 handanalysts the success-score on their 'confident' judgements was only 10% or less better than the success-score on their 'doubtfull' judgements.
The consensus among the handanalysts was measured as well. The average consensus score in this research program was 66%. In the perspective of the fact that 56% of the judgements were included with a high level of confidence, one can derive that the confidence of a single handanalyst does not implicate consensus with the judgements of other handanalysts.
One can derive from these scores that handanalysts were confident about a high percentage of their judgements, however this does not implicate that handanalysts agree about most of their judgements.
Regarding the judgements which were included by a 'high' level of confidence, on only 2 out of 15 cases the consensus among the handanalysts is 100%.
Category: the skills of the handanalyst
In the section Handanalysis psychology describes the handanalysts experiment in detail.
Category: the hand
The section Left-handedness is focussed on the present state of affairs in this research program.
Category: the hand
The section Male-female differences is focussed on the present state of affairs in this research program.
Category: the psychology of handanalysis students
The section Handanalysis psychology describes the handanalysis students experiment in detail.
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