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WHAT IS 'BIOMETRICS'? (OR 'BIOMETRY') The International Biometric Society (not to be confused with Ed Campbell's IBMBS) provides the following definition of biometrics: The terms "Biometrics" and "Biometry" have been used since early in the 20th century to refer to the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Statistical methods for the analysis of data from agricultural field experiments to compare the yields of different varieties of wheat, for the analysis of data from human clinical trials evaluating the relative effectiveness of competing therapies for disease, or for the analysis of data from environmental studies on the effects of air or water pollution on the appearance of human disease in a region or country are all examples of problems that would fall under the umbrella of "Biometrics" as the term has been historically used. The journal "Biometrics"* is a scholarly publication sponsored by a non-profit professional society (the International Biometric Society) devoted to the dissemination of accounts of the development of such methods and their application in real scientific contexts. Recently, the term "Biometrics" has also been used to refer to the emerging field of technology devoted to identification of individuals using biological traits, such as those based on retinal or iris scanning, fingerprints, or face recognition. Neither the journal "Biometrics" nor the International Biometric Society is engaged in research, marketing, or reporting related to this technology. Likewise, the editors and staff of the journal are not knowledgeable in this area. * "Biometrics" is the academic journal of statistics in biology. by quantitative methods." (R.A. Fisher, 1947) It is also usefull to notice that biometric characteristics can be divided in two main classes: Physiological biometrics: these are related to the shape of the body. Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, hand and palm geometry, iris recognition, which has largely replaced retina, and odor/scent. Behavioral biometric: these are related to the behavior of a person. Examples include, but are not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term behaviometrics for this class of biometrics. Current uses of human biometrics include physical characteristics acquired via: fasical scanning, eye scanning (iris/retina), voice scanning, and last but not least: finger scanning + hand scanning (more examples of these are presented below).
WHAT KIND OF 'HAND BIOMETRICS' ARE AVAILABLE? Jean-François Mainguet presents on his website an overview of 20 types of biometrics, including 5 aspects of the hand: * The additional aspects of hand biometry described by Jean-François Mainguet are: handwriting, hand tapping, knuckle creases, hand pressure profile, finger wrinkles, and 3D finger surface.
NEW TYPES OF 'ESOTERIC BIOMETRICS'?
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